Alternative performance measures

Organic Growth information factors out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year) and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs indicator represents all recurring costs. It is defined as: 

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases 
– Net sales 
– Share of profit of joint ventures

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) measures the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as: 

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT) 
– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets 
– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs

The Recurring EBITDA margin measures the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) measures the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation, other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin measures the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs relate to significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit and loss on disposals and other non-operating items comprise gains or losses on the disposal of material property, plant and equipment, gains or losses on the sale of Group companies, associates and joint ventures, impact of other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions and disputes with minority shareholders.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as: 

+/– Operating profit/loss 
– Impairment of Goodwill and long-term assets

Net income/loss before taxes, impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as: 

+/– Net income/loss before taxes 
– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies 
– Impairment of Goodwill and long-term assets

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. This indicator is net of taxation and is defined as: 

+/– Net income/loss 
– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies, net of taxation 
– Impairment of Goodwill and long-term assets, net of taxation

The EPS (Earnings per Share) before impairment and divestments measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The CapEx or CapEx Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion CapEx) measures the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as: 

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification) 
+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow 
– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non-cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases (also referred as Free Cash Flow) measures the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as: 

+/– Cash flow from operating activities 
– Net Maintenance and Expansion CapEx 
– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities

The Free Cash Flow margin measures the efficiency of the Group to convert net sales into cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by net sales.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) measures the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as: 

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities 
– Cash and cash equivalents 
– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term)

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows the number of years it would take the Group to repay its debt if Recurring EBITDA and net debt are held constant.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio measuring the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales of the current month and the previous months until the respective balance is covered. It is defined as: 

+ Days sales outstanding 
+ Days inventories outstanding 
– Days payables outstanding

The Invested Capital measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. 

It is defined as: 

+ Total shareholders’ equity 
+ Net financial debt 
– Assets classified as held for sale 
+ Liabilities classified as held for sale 
– Current financial receivables 
– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets

It is defined as: 

+/– Net Operating Profit (loss) (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profit of associates) 
– Income Taxes (determined by applying the Group’s effective tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use Invested Capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit (loss) After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the Average Invested Capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

The absolute CO₂ (thousand metric tons) emissions Scope 1 and Scope 2 divided by millions of net sales.

ECOPact is Holcim's low-carbon concrete product range that delivers equal or better performance than conventional concrete and has at least 30 percent lower CO₂ emissions compared with a local concrete using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC alternatively known as CEM I) in the same strength class.

ECOPlanet is Holcim's range of low-carbon cement that delivers equal or better performance than conventional cement and has at least at 30 percent lower CO₂ emissions compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC alternatively known as CEM I).

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked.

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Waste derived resources is the sum of all waste raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes as well as recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, returned concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt. Construction Demolition Materials are included in waste derived resources.

CDM recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products. CDM is equivalent to construction and demolition waste (CDW) as defined by the EU Waste Framework Directive.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group’s business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Green bond is a fixed-income instrument which enables the funding of green eligible projects as defined by the Green Bond Principles and endorsed by the International Capital Markets Association (ICMA). A green bond has a dedicated use of proceeds in projects that are sustainable and socially responsible such as projects in the field of renewable energy, carbon capture, clean transportation, circular economy.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg. 

Like-for-like / Organic Growth information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– Net sales; and

– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);

– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and

– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit (loss) on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions, disputes with minority shareholder.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss;

– impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before taxes, impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss before taxes;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. This indicator is net of taxation and it is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies, net of taxation; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets, net of taxation.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non-cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities;

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;

– Cash and cash equivalents; and

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales of the current month and the previous months until the respective balance is covered. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity;

+ Net financial debt;

– Assets classified as held for sale;

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;

– Current financial receivables; and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group’s tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the average invested capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

The absolute CO₂ (thousand metric tons) emissions Scope 1 and Scope 2 divided by millions of net sales.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked.

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Waste derived resources is the sum of all waste raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes as well as recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes: alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, return concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt. Construction and Demolition Materials are included in waste derived resources.

CDM recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products. CDM is equivalent to construction and demolition waste (CDW) as defined by the EU Waste Framework Directive.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group’s business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like / Organic Growth information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– Net sales; and

– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);

– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and

– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit (loss) on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions, disputes with minority shareholder.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss;

– impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before taxes, impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss before taxes;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. This indicator is net of taxation and it is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies, net of taxation; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets, net of taxation.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non-cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities;

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;

– Cash and cash equivalents; and

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales of the current month and the previous months until the respective balance is covered. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity;

+ Net financial debt;

– Assets classified as held for sale;

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;

– Current financial receivables; and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group’s tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the average invested capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

The absolute CO₂ (thousand metric tons) emissions Scope 1 and Scope 2 divided by millions of net sales.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked.

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Waste recycled is the sum of all waste raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes as well as recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes: alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, return concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt. Construction and Demolition Materials are included in waste recycled.

CDM Recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products. CDM is equivalent to construction and demolition waste (CDW) as defined by the EU Waste Framework Directive.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group’s business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– Net sales; and

– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);

– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and

– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit (loss) on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions, disputes with minority shareholder.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss;

– impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before taxes, impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss before taxes;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. This indicator is net of taxation and it is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies, net of taxation; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets, net of taxation.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non-cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities;

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;

– Cash and cash equivalents; and

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales of the current month and the previous months until the respective balance is covered. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity;

+ Net financial debt;

– Assets classified as held for sale;

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;

– Current financial receivables; and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group’s tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the average invested capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

The absolute CO₂ (thousand metric tons) emissions Scope 1 and Scope 2 divided by millions of net sales.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked.

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Waste recycled is the sum of all waste raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes as well as recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes: alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, return concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt. Construction and Demolition Waste is included in waste recycled.

CDW Recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group’s business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– Net sales; and

– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);

– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and

– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items.It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT)adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit (loss) on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions and disputes with non-controlling interest.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss;

– impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non- cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities;

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;

– Cash and cash equivalents; and

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales of the current month and the previous months until the respective balance is covered. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity;

+ Net financial debt;

– Assets classified as held for sale;

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;

– Current financial receivables; and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group’s tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the opening invested capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked. 

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Recycled waste is the sum of waste based raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes and recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes: alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, return concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt.

CDW Recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group's business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– Net sales; and

– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);

– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and

– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items.It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT)adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit (loss) on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions, disputes with non-controlling interest and other major lawsuits.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss;

– impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non- cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities;

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;

– Cash and cash equivalents; and

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales of the current month and the previous months until the respective balance is covered. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity;

+ Net financial debt;

– Assets classified as held for sale;

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;

– Current financial receivables; and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group’s tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the opening invested capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked. 

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Recycled waste is the sum of waste based raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes and recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes: alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, return concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt.

CDW Recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group's business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in the current year and the prior year and currency translation effects (current year figures are converted with prior year exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

The recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– Net sales; and

– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);

– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and

– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items.It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT)adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit (loss) on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, indemnification provisions, disputes with non-controlling interest and other major lawsuits.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit/loss;

– impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/– Net income/loss;

– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and

– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non- cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities;

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;

– Cash and cash equivalents; and

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales on a 12 months rolling basis. For better comparability, this indicator is calculated factoring out any changes in scope and exchange rates. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity;

+ Net financial debt;

– Assets classified as held for sale;

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;

– Current financial receivables; and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group’s tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation). In case of material change in scope during the year, the opening invested capital is adjusted pro rata temporis.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked. 

The Sustainability Capital Expenditures with significant positive impact on Process Decarbonization, Clean Energy, Carbon Efficient Construction, Circular Economy, Biodiversity, Air & Water and Communities such as but not limited to carbon capture, waste heat recovery, 3D printing, electrical fleet, calcined clay technology, alternative fuels & raw materials installations.

Recycled waste is the sum of waste based raw materials and fuels consumed in the production processes and recycled materials processed sold externally. This includes: alternative raw materials, alternative fuels, industrial mineral components, return concrete, recycled aggregates and asphalt.

CDW Recycled volume is generated from construction, renovation, repair and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges, piers and dams. This includes alternative raw materials, recycled aggregates, asphalt and return concrete reused in Cement, Aggregates, Ready-mix concrete, Asphalt and Concrete Products.

Any initiatives Holcim puts in place to address social issues and to contribute to society that are not primarily motivated by generating a direct financial return to the Group's business such as but not limited to housing & infrastructure, health, education & skills, environment, cultural and recreational.

Any committed financing instrument drawn and undrawn with a sustainability feature which includes performance-based (sustainability KPI, ESG linked) or use-of-proceed-based products (green, social, transition bonds) incurred by the parent company or consolidated entities.

Thermal substitution rate (TSR) corresponds to the relation of thermal energy consumption of alternative fuels to the total amount of thermal energy consumption in the cement kiln system.

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Factors out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2021 and 2020) and currency translation effects (2021 figures are converted with 2020 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Recurring fixed costs refer to all recurring costs not directly related to volumes such as maintenance, personnel cost in production, administration, marketing and sales expenses, third party services and depreciation of right-of-use assets. Recurring fixed costs are part of the Recurring operating costs.

Recurring variable costs include recurring operating costs directly related to volumes such as raw materials and finished goods purchases, inventory variation, energy, quarry outsourcing and distribution costs. The addition of Recurring fixed costs and Recurring variable costs equals the total Recurring operating costs.

It is defined as:
+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;
– Net sales and
– Share of profit of joint ventures.

It is defined as:
+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);
– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets and
– Restructuring, litigation, implementation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases is defined as Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

Recurring EBIT divided by net sales.

Significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group's ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Comprises capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group's normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, impairment losses recognized by applying the fair value less cost of disposal methodology and cost related to other non business-related litigation cases.

It is defined as:

+/- Operating profit/loss

- impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

It is defined as:

+/- Net income/loss

- Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies and

- impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

It is defined as:

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of Holcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification)

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non-cash impact of the specific business risk provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature. 

It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities

– Net Maintenance and expansion Capex and

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities

– Cash and cash equivalents

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales in an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales on a 12 months rolling basis. For better comparability, this indicator is calculated factoring out any changes in scope and exchange rates. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

- Days payables outstanding.

It is defined as:

+ Total shareholders’ equity

+ Net financial debt

– Assets classified as held for sale

+ Liabilities classified as held for sale

– Current financial receivables and

– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets

It is defined as:

+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group's tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

It is defined as:

Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation)

Cash conversion is defined as: Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

Net CO₂ emissions are CO₂ emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally. 

The total volume of waste derived resources includes the following components: alternative fuels, alternative raw materials, industrial mineral components consumed and/or processed and sold externally, industrial gypsum, alternative aggregate produced and/or consumed and returned asphalt recycled.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked. 

Ton refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2020 and 2019) and currency translation effects (2020 figures are converted with 2019 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Recurring fixed costs refer to all recurring costs not directly related to volumes such as maintenance, personnel cost in production, administration, marketing and sales expenses, third party services and depreciation of right-of-use asset. Recurring fixed costs are part of the Recurring operating costs.

Recurring variable costs include recurring operating costs directly related to volumes such as raw materials and finished goods purchases, inventory variation, energy, quarry outsourcing and distribution costs. The addition of variable and fixed recurring costs equals the total Recurring operating costs.

The Recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:
+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;
– Net sales; and
– Share of profit of joint ventures.

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of nonrecurring items. It is defined as:
+/– Operating profit/loss (EBIT);
– Depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets; and
– Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs.

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of nonrecurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by Net Sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBIT margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of nonrecurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBIT divided by Net Sales.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business-related litigation cases.

Profit/loss on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other nonoperating items that are not directly related to the Group’s normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, disputes with noncontrolling interest and other major lawsuits.

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group's core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group's ongoing activities. It is defined as:
+/– Operating profit/loss;
– Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:
+/– Net income/loss;
– Gains and losses on disposals of Group companies; and
– Impairments of goodwill and long-term assets.

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of LafargeHolcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:
+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification);
+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow; and
– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefits schemes net of any cash payments, the non- cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:
+/– Cash flow from operating activities;
– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex; and
– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities.

The Net financial debt (“Net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:
+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities;
– Cash and cash equivalents; and
– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term).

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales on a 12 months rolling basis. For better comparability, this indicator is calculated factoring out any changes in scope and exchange rates. It is defined as:
+ Days sales outstanding;
+ Days inventories outstanding; and
– Days payables outstanding.

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:
+ Total shareholders’ equity;
+ Net financial debt;
– Assets classified as held for sale;
+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;
– Current financial receivables; and
– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

It is defined as:
+/– Net Operating Profit/loss (being the Recurring EBIT and share of profits of associates)
– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group's tax rate to the Net Operating Profit/loss as defined above)

The ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) measures the Group’s ability to efficiently use invested capital. It is defined as Net Operating Profit/loss After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12-month calculation).

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Personnel (FTE) measures the number of full time equivalent own personnel (FTE) assigned to functions and tasks.

Net CO2 emissions are CO2 emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

The total volume of waste derived resources includes the following components: alternative fuels, alternative raw materials, industrial mineral components consumed and/or processed and sold externally, industrial gypsum, alternative aggregate produced and/or consumed and returned asphalt recycled.

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

Number of on-the-job injuries that require a person to stay away from work for a day or more per one million hours worked.

Refers to a Metric ton, or 1,000 kg.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2020 and 2019) and currency translation effects (2020 figures are converted with 2019 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Recurring fixed costs refer to all recurring costs not directly related to volumes such as Maintenance, Personal costs in Production, Administration, Marketing and Sales Expenses, Third party services and depreciation of right-of-use assets.

Recurring variable costs include recurring operating costs directly related to volumes such as raw materials and finished goods purchases, inventory variation, energy, quarry outsourcing and distribution costs. The addition of variable and fixed recurring costs equals the total recurring operating costs.

The Recurring operating costs is an indicator representing all recurring costs. It is defined as:

+/– Recurring EBITDA after leases;

– net sales; and

– share of profit of joint ventures

The Recurring EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:

+/– Operating profit (EBIT)

- depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets

- restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs

The Recurring EBITDA margin is an indicator to measure the profitability of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as the Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group including the impacts of lease depreciation and excluding the impacts of non-recurring items.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases is defined as the Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit/loss (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

Restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group's ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business related litigation cases.

Profit/loss on disposals and other non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group's normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, disputes with non-controlling interest and other major lawsuits.

Net income/loss before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:

+/- Net income/loss

- gains and losses on disposals of Group companies

- impairments of goodwill and long-term assets

The EPS (Earnings Per Share) before impairment and divestments is an indicator that measures the theoretical profitability per share of stock outstanding based on a net income/loss before impairment and divestments. It is defined as Net income/loss before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of LafargeHolcim divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

The Capex or Capex Net (Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex) is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification)

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

The Free Cash Flow after leases is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities

– Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex

– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities

The Net financial debt (“net debt”) is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:

+ Financial liabilities (short-term and long-term) including derivative liabilities

– Cash and cash equivalents

– Derivative assets (short-term and long-term)

The Net financial debt to Recurring EBITDA ratio is used as an indicator of financial risk and shows how many years it would take the Group to pay back its debt.

The cash conversion is an indicator that measures the Group’s ability to convert profits into available cash. It is defined as Free Cash Flow after leases divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flowsor that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Working Capital days on sales is an efficiency ratio which measures the level of trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and inventories in comparison to sales on a 12 months rolling basis. For better comparability, this indicator is calculated factoring out any changes in scope and exchange rates. It is defined as:

+ Days sales outstanding;

+ Days inventories outstanding;

- Days payables outstanding.

Employee benefits and other operating items reflect the non-cash impact on the operating profit of the employee benefit schemes net of any cash payments, the non-cash impact of the specific business risks provisions net of any cash payments, the non-cash share based compensation expenses and any other non-cash operating expenses.

Change in other receivables and liabilities includes the net change of other receivables and liabilities that are not already disclosed separately in the consolidated statement of cash flows or that are not of a tax or of a financial nature.

The Recurring EBITDA after leases is defined as Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets.

Cash conversion pre-IFRS 16 is defined as: Free Cash Flow pre-IFRS 16 divided by Recurring EBITDA pre-IFRS 16 Cash conversion post-IFRS 16 is defined as: Free Cash Flow post-IFRS 16 divided by Recurring EBITDA after leases (referred to as Recurring EBITDA less the depreciation of right-of-use assets).

Change in net working capital refers to change in inventories, change in trade accounts receivable, change in trade accounts payable and change in other receivables & liabilities.

Net income before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of LafargeHolcim Ltd divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

Fixed costs refer to all recurring costs not directly related to volumes.

The Free Cash Flow is an indicator to measure the level of cash generated by the Group after spending cash to maintain to expand its asset base.
The Free Cash Flow pre-IFRS 16 is defined as:
+/– Cash flow from operating activities adjusted for IFRS 16 impacts
– Net Maintenance and expansion Capex
The Free Cash Flow post-IFRS 16 is defined as:
+/– Cash flow from operating activities
– Net Maintenance and expansion Capex
– Repayment of long-term lease liabilities

Total volume of freshwater withdrawn by the cement plant divided by the total production of cementitious material.

The invested capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:
+ Total shareholders’ equity
+ Net financial debt
– Assets classified as held for sale
+ Liabilities classified as held for sale
– Current financial receivables
– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets

Factors out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2019 and 2018) and currency translation effects (2019 figures are converted with 2018 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Liquidity refers to cash and cash equivalents and unused committed credit lines.

Number of lost-time injury divided by million hours worked.

Net CO2 emissions are CO2 emissions from the calcination process of the raw materials and the combustion of traditional kiln and non-kiln fuels. Cementitious materials refer to clinker production volumes, mineral components consumed in cement production and mineral components processed and sold externally.

The Net financial debt is an indicator to measure the financial debt of the Group after deduction of the cash. It is defined as:
+ Financial liabilities (long-term & short-term) including derivative liabilities
– Cash and cash equivalents
– Derivative assets (long-term & short-term)

Net income before impairment and divestments excludes impairment charges and capital gains and losses arising on disposals of investments which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:
+/- Net income (loss)
- Gains or losses on disposals of Group companies
- Impairments of goodwill and long-term assets

The Net Operating Profit After Tax is an indicator that measures the Group’s potential earnings if it had no debt. It is defined as:
+/– Net Operating Profit/(loss) (being the Recurring EBITDA and share of profits of associates, adjusted for depreciation and amortization of operating assets but excluding impairment of operating assets)
– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group's tax rate to the Net Operating Profit as defined above)

The Operating profit/loss (EBIT) before impairment is an indicator that measures the profit earned from the Group’s core business activities excluding impairment charges which, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing activities. It is defined as:
+/- Operating Profit/loss (EBIT)
- Impairment of goodwill and long-term assets

Comprises capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of material property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group's normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, disputes with non-controlling interests and other major lawsuits.

The Recurring EBIT is defined as Operating profit (EBIT) adjusted for restructuring, litigation and other non-recurring costs and for impairment of operating assets.

The Recurring EBITDA is an indicator to measure the performance of the Group excluding the impacts of non-recurring items. It is defined as:
+/- Operating profit/loss (EBIT)
- depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets
- restructuring, litigation, implementation and other non-recurring costs

Recurring EBITDA divided by net sales

Fixed Costs included in the Recurring EBITDA, include Sales & Marketing, Administration, Corporate Manufacturing & Corporate Logistics costs.

Significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group's ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business related litigation cases.

The ROIC is defined as Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12 months calculation).

The Net Maintenance and Expansion Capex is an indicator to measure the cash spent to maintain or expand its asset base. It is defined as:
+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification)
+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow
– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

The total volume of waste derived resources includes the following components: alternative fuels, alternative raw materials, industrial mineral components consumed and/or processed and sold externally, industrial gypsum, alternative aggregate produced and/or consumed and returned asphalt recycled.

Following the implementation of IFRS 16 Leases, effective 1 January 2019, the Group has elected the modified retrospective approach which does not require restatement of 2018 numbers. Consequently, in 2019, for better comparability this indicator is calculated <pre> and <post> IFRS 16.

Factors out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2018 and 2017) and currency translation effects (2018 figures are converted with 2017 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Fixed Costs related to Administrative, Marketing & Sales, Corporate Manufacturing and Corporate Logistics costs included in Recurring EBITDA

Significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group's ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business related litigation cases. In 2017, they also included costs directly related to the merger such as legal, banking fees and advisory costs, employee costs related to redundancy plans and IT implementation costs.

Comprises capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group's normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, disputes with non-controlling interests and other major lawsuits.

Previously Operating EBITDA Adjusted, defined as:
+/– Operating profit
- depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets
- restructuring, litigation, implementation and other non-recurring costs

Recurring EBITDA divided by Net Sales

+/- Operating profit (loss)
- impairment of goodwill and assets

+/- Net income (loss)
- capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies
- impairment of goodwill and assets

Net income before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of LafargeHolcim divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification)
+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow
– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

+/– Cash flow from operating activities
– Net Maintenance and expansion Capex

+ Financial liabilities (Long Term & Short Term) including derivative liabilities
– Cash and cash equivalents
– Derivative assets (Long Term & Short Term)

The Invested Capital is an indicator that measures total funds invested by shareholders, lenders and any other financing sources. It is defined as:
+ Total shareholders’ equity
+ Net financial debt
– Assets classified as held for sale
+ Liabilities classified as held for sale;
– Current financial receivables; and
– Long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

+/– Net Operating Profit (being the Recurring EBITDA, adjusted for depreciation and amortization of operating assets but excluding impairment of operating assets)
– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group's tax rate to the Net Operating Profit as defined above)

Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12 month calculation)

Free Cash Flow divided by Recurring EBITDA

Profit/Loss on disposals and non-operating items comprise capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group’s normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, disputes with non-controlling interests.

Like-for-like information is information factoring out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2018 and 2017) and currency translation effects (2018 figures are converted with 2017 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Restructuring, litigation, implementation and other non-recurring costs comprise significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group’s ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business related litigation cases. In the comparative periods, they also included costs directly related to the merger such as legal, banking fees and advisory costs, employee costs related to redundancy plans and IT implementation costs.

Factors out changes in the scope of consolidation (such as divestments and acquisitions occurring in 2017 and 2016) and currency translation effects (2017 figures are converted with 2016 exchange rates in order to calculate the currency effects).

Significant items that, because of their exceptional nature, cannot be viewed as inherent to the Group's ongoing performance, such as strategic restructuring, major items relating to antitrust fines and other business related litigation cases. In 2017 and 2016, they also included costs directly related to the merger such as legal, banking fees and advisory costs, employee costs related to redundancy plans and IT implementation costs.

Comprises capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies and of property, plant and equipment and other non-operating items that are not directly related to the Group's normal operating activities such as revaluation gains or losses on previously held equity interests, disputes with non-controlling interests and other major lawsuits.

Previously Operating EBITDA Adjusted, defined as:

+/– Operating profit - depreciation, amortization and impairment of operating assets

- restructuring, litigation, implementation and other non-recurring costs

Recurring EBITDA divided by Net Sales

+/- Net income (loss)

- capital gains or losses on the sale of Group companies

- impairment of goodwill and assets

Net income before impairment and divestments attributable to the shareholders of LafargeHolcim divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

+ Expenditure to increase existing or create additional capacity to produce, distribute or provide services for existing products (expansion) or to diversify into new products or markets (diversification)

+ Expenditure to sustain the functional capacity of a particular component, assembly, equipment, production line or the whole plant, which may or may not generate a change of the resulting cash flow

– Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

Previously “Operating Free Cash Flow”, defined as:

+/– Cash flow from operating activities

– Net Maintenance and expansion Capex

+ Financial liabilities (Long Term & Short Term) including derivative liabilities

– Cash and cash equivalents

– Derivative assets

+ Net working capital

+ Investments in associates and joint ventures

+ Property, plant and equipment

+ Goodwill

+ Intangible assets

+ Deferred tax assets

+ Pension assets

– Short-term provisions

– Defined benefit obligations

– Deferred tax liabilities

– Long-term provisions

+/– Net Operating Profit (being the Recurring EBITDA, adjusted for depreciation and amortization of operating assets but excluding impairment of operating assets)

– Standard Taxes (being the taxes applying the Group's tax rate to the Net Operating Profit as defined above)

Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) divided by the average Invested Capital. The average is calculated by adding the Invested Capital at the beginning of the period to that at the end of the period and dividing the sum by 2 (based on a rolling 12 month calculation)

Free Cash Flow divided by Recurring EBITDA